全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试
外刊经贸知识选读试题
课程代码：00096
请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上
一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences. （本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Owing to the financial crisis, economic problems were exacerbated all over the world.
A. deteriorated     B. improved     C. enlarged    D. transformed
2. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years.
A. run away     B. reduction     C. enhancement    D. downward
3. Figures show that the bulk of our foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade-related credits.
A. investments     B. profits     C. revenues          D. debts
4. Foreign investors want to enjoy the same tax status as the domestic ones.
A. treatment     B. decline      C. support        D. objection
5. More than a decade of fast growth makes China to supplant Japan as West’s main trade worry in Asia.
A. exceed     B. replace      C. agree    D. defeat
6. Many governments have promised to take measures to help the unemployed.
A. action     B. size      C. degree   D. care
7. Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is prohibited by WTO.
A. equality     B. fairness     C. different treatment   D. strict policy
8. America’s embrace of the free-trade agreements balanced all the criticism from the developing countries.
A. suggestion     B. insistence     C. opposition       D. acceptance
9. Because of the mutual benefits no one would take a breach of those law lightly.
A. offence     B. obedience     C. strike     D. rest
10. Economists reckon Japanese bilateral trade surplus with America is also growing rapidly.
A. recognize      B. calculate      C. predict     D. suggest
11. Korea’s ambitious plans include a wholesale revamping of the country’s basic industries.
A. reconstructing      B. retracting     C. releasing     D. reverting
12. Even the well established consultants are finding it hard to secure definitivelucrative projects.
A. profitable     B. reasonable     C. safe   D. risky
13. Japanese managers act more like western managers, putting profits before their firm’s market share.
A. opportunity      B. prospect     C. protection       D. part
14. In the U.S. soft drink industry is dominated by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.
A. competed      B. balanced     C. made D. controlled
15. Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.
A. in the form of water     B. moving     C. easily changed into cash        D. clear
 
二、Put the following phrases into English.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 
请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
16.最惠国待遇
17.企业家精神
18.人均收入
19.贸易制裁
20.资本市场
21.（企业等的）总部
22.有价证券
23.批发商
24.市场力量
25.新兴工业
 
三、Put the following phrases into Chinese.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
26. coupon
27. fiscal packages
28. visible trade
29. Gross Domestic Product
30. trade balance
31. countervailing duty
32. consumer goods
33. export quota system
34. convertible currency
35. futures
 
四、Read the following passages and answer the questions in English.（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）
请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

Passage 1
    America wants Japan to meet import targets for some American goods. An unwilling Japan has decided to draw the line.
    It is the persistent surplus that has provoked anger in Washington —— and Mr Clinton’s remark that “the possibility of obtaining real, even access to the Japanese market is somewhat remote”. This year the surplus has been growing fast. A Japanese economist estimates that Japan’s surplus could reach $200 billion if the yen stays at current level. With the economy still barely growing, despite two fiscal packages in the past nine months, Japan’s critics say that the country is once more exporting its way out of recession.
    MITI argues a persistent surplus is inevitable as long as Japanese households save more than American ones, and America’s budget deficit remains untamed. This is a familiar point: trade balances are determined by macroeconomic factors, not by trade policy.
36. What’s the meaning of “draw the line” here?
37. What’s the meaning of “exporting its way out of recession”?
38. How do you understand the underlined sentence?

Passage 2
    The sleeper among the products turns out to be Cherry Coke, which contains no fruit juice at all. Cherry Coke has captured shares of 4% to 8% in test market. The drink probably won’t do as well when it is rolled out nationally, since price promotions have been helping it along. But beverage analysts believe Cherry Coke could eventually displace Dr Pepper as the nation’s fifth-best-selling soft drink.
    Even if consumers swill the new sodas by the liter in test market, however, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation to take the products. One of the biggest battles in the soda wars, in fact, may not be for drinkers but for bottlers. Bottlers have a symbiotic but occasionally fractious relationship with the syrup makers. Although Coca-Cola and PepsiCo own some of their own bottling companies, most bottlers are still independent.
39. What’s your understanding of “price promotions” here?
40. What’s the “symbiotic” aspect of the relationship between the bottlers and the syrup makers?
41. What’s the “occasionally fractious” aspect?
 
五、Read the following passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. （本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

Passage 1
    Culture differences are sometimes ignored in marketing campaigns. Culture awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation of your products. There are subtleties and nuances(细微差别) to every culture. Almost most people wouldn’t be able to list the rules of their own culture, they certainly know when hose rules are violated.
    In Japan, for example, a major household products company spent many millions of dollars on a marketing campaign in advance of introducing its laundry detergent (清洁剂). Nevertheless, when the detergent was made available, sales were miniscule. In fact, few shops stocked the soap. Non-tariff trade barriers? No, it was something much simpler. The typically American “large, economy-sized” boxes were far too big for the tiny Japanese retail establishments. And Japanese housewives don’t usually have cars —— they walk to the stores and carry their purchase home, to very small living spaces.
    It can be a big mistake to assume a Pan-Asia market( 泛亚市场) or a “Latin American” or “European” buyer. Neighboring cultures elsewhere don’t necessarily share buying preferences any more than a US buyer does with a Mexico consumer. Furthermore, national borders don’t always delineate(描绘) buying behavior; regional patterns can be just as strong.
42. Advertising and coupons are examples of marketing campaigns.
43. The detergent was popular in Japan.
44. Japanese consumers usually like large boxes because they are lower in prices.
45. A US buyer has the same buying behavior as a Mexico consumer.
46. Perhaps buying preferences are quite different among national borders.

Passage 2
    Starting from the mid-1990s, the international financial crisis has hit almost the whole world. The global financial system is breaking apart and it is hurtling ever more national economies in the abyss( 深渊) with it. In order to earn foreign exchange, the economies are forced to dump the rest of their production onto the shrinking world market at bargain-basement prices. That is why the average prices of raw materials are currently at their lowest level since the mid-1970s. But it was not only the prices for raw materials that collapsed; collapsing prices and reduced demand has also hit trade in automobiles, ships, chemical products, and computer chips. Now it is hitting the core of the Western industrial countries, which are heavily export-dependent.
    Looking at world economic developments from the west European point of view, the gale warnings are up. East Asia, which had accounted for more than half of the additional worldwide demand for industrial goods of all kinds since the beginning of 1990s, has largely dropped away as an importer.
    The supposed land of economic miracles of the past year, the United States, which increased its imports from Germany in 1997 by 30%, is finally showing the traces of the global economic collapse. On Nov.8，1998, representatives of the US government threaten the European Union with trade war. They warned that a “protectionist fire ” would take hold in the United States if the European were not willing to massively reduce their trade surplus. US representatives had made similar threats against Japan one year before. The backdrop of these threats is, of course, the explosive growth of the US balance of payments deficit.
47. “bargain-basement prices” means high prices.
48. Economy of the Western industrial countries highly depended on their export.
49. East Asia countries kept on importing more under the international financial crisis.
50. The US economy was not influenced by the financial crisis.
51. The trade war against Japan had successfully decreased the US’s trade deficit.
 
六、Translate the following passage into Chinese.（本大题共12分）
请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
52.To many developing countries, the trend is deeply worrying as well as bewildering —— the terms of trading have worsened dramatically for them. For the industrialized world, by contrast, the drop in commodity prices has been a real boon in the fight against inflation. The explanation for the general weakness in commodity prices is complex, and the factors in play will obviously vary greatly from one commodity to another. For example, while falling oil prices ought to provide a fillip to western economic growth —— and therefore, indirectly, to demand for other commodities —— they are bound to have other, perhaps less desirable, spin-offs.

2010年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题答案
 
一、单项选择题
1. A        2. B       3. D       4. A       5. B 
6. A        7. C       8. D       9. A       10. B
11. A       12. A      13. D      14. D      15. C
 
二、将下列中文词组译成英文
16. most-favored nation treatment               17. entrepreneurship
18. per capital income                        19. trade sanctions
20. capital market                            21. headquarters
22. securities                                23. wholesaler
24. market forces                             25. fledgling industries
 
三、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文
26. 赠券                    27. 财政一揽子方案
28. 有形贸易                29. 国内生产总值
30. 贸易差额　              31. 反补贴税　
32. 消费品                  33. 出口配额制
34. 可兑换货币              35. 期货
 
四、阅读文章并回答问题
Passage 1
36. to set limits, to set a limit on what one is willing to do.
37. Get through the recession by exporting.
38. Surpassing, going beyond, exceeding.
Passage 2
39. promote sales by means of various price reduction
40. The symbiotic aspect of their relationship is their interdependence on each other in business-without the syrup maker’s supply, the bottles would have nothing to sell, and without the collaboration of the bottlers, the syrup makers would have no access to the market.
41. As sometimes their interests conflict with each other, the bottlers would become fractious to the syrup makers.
 
五、正误判断题
42. T       43. F       44. F       45. F       46. T
47. F       48. T       49. F       50. F       51. F
 
六、翻译题
52. 对许多发展中国家来说，这种趋势不仅令人困惑而且还非常令人担忧-对他们来说贸易条件已经明显恶化。相反对于工业化国家来说，初级商品价格的下跌却是医治通货膨胀的一剂良药。对初级商品价格普遍降低的解释是复杂的，造成这种现象的因素因初级商品的不同而有很大不同。比如说，虽然下跌的油价应会刺激西方经济的增长-并因此间接地刺激对其他初级商品的需求-而这样的油价也一定会有其他的也许并不那么有益的副作用。