全国2012年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题

课程代码：00096

一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman. (      )
A. ability                                                         B. possibility
C. capability                                                    D. specialty
2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations. (      )
A. disburse                                                      B. display
C. demonstrate                                                 D. distribute
3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. (      )
A. motive                                                         B. passive
C. active                                                           D. massive
4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 2020. (      )
A. expend                                                         B. extend
C. expand                                                         D. exceed
5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. (      )
A. vigorous                                                      B. excessive
C. moderate                                                     D. lackluster
6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.
(      )
A. flash                                                            B. clash
C. brush                                                           D. crash
7. It is evident that China’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. (      )
A. clean                                                           B. flat
C. clear                                                            D. dour
8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents.
(      )
A. excess                                                          B. exit
C. extra                                                            D. entry
9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. (      )
A. filtered                                                        B. riveted
C. formed                                                        D. delved
10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC.
(      )
A. introductions                                                B. destinations
C. accommodations                                           D. suggestions
11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. (      )
A. diminish                                                      B. deliver
C. destroy                                                        D. detatch
12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. (      )
A. tend                                                             B. guide
C. endure                                                         D. strain
13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle. (      )
A. segment                                                      B. trademark
C. reformulation                                               D. commercial
14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white. (      )
A. compose                                                      B. compete
C. combine                                                      D. compile
15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. (      )
A. grim                                                            B. strict
C. raw                                                              D. severe
 
二、 将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）
16. exclusive contract                                        17. current account
18. clearing agreement                                       19. per capita income
20. barrier-free market                                       21. carbon tax
22. real estate                                                    23. test market
24. intellectual property right                             25. business cycle
三、 将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
26. 供应过剩                                                   27. 收盘价
28. 初级产品                                                   29. 市场份额
30. 双边条约                                                   31. 产地证明书
32. 中国出口商品交易会                                 33. 资本货物
34. 优先权                                                      35. 直接投资

四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）
Passage 1
    In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.
    The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.
36. What do “hover” and “bare-bones” mean in the passage?
37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent?
38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication” used here? What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energy?

Passage 2
    International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.” Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,” he says.
    On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertrade provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.
39. What is the meaning of “barter” in its traditional form?
40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism?
41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade?

五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

Passage 1
    The term “quality” is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean? Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that. In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.
    Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest in the world. Why all these detailed questions about numbers?
    Rolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.
    Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.
    The US fast foods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are also highly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.
42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced. (      )
43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price. (      )
44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.
(      )
45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces. (      )
46. The writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers are not worth the money. (      )

Passage 2
    The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.
    Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world’s 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.
    Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.
    Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined with stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.
47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. (      )
48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. (      )
49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. (      )
50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. (      )
51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. (      )

六、翻译题（本大题12分）
52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.