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全国高等教育自学考试
基础英语试题及参考答案（三）
课程代码：00088
请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上
一、词汇应用和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）
（一）词汇应用（15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.Each country has to import the articles and commodities it does not itself ______.
A. produce B. increase
C. design D. sell
2.The import and export trades are two ______ of the same coin.
A. parties B. sides
C. groups D. sizes
3.It’s ______ that almost 3 million tourists will visit Singapore each year in the near future.
A. supposed B. estimated
C. guessed D. calculated
4.The boss has always thought very ______ of him.
A. highly B. better
C. well D. excellent
5.International trade would be a quick and effective way to ______ the wounds of the war.
A. repair B. remedy
C. treat D. heal
6.Marketing ______ a great many jobs in the United States.
A. supports B. provides
C. searches D. gives
7.High interest rates ______ people from borrowing money.
A. discourage B. decrease
C. disturb D. disgust
8.There are a few questions that ______ have to answer.
A. economical B. economics
C. economy D. economists
9.You must always be on your ______ against violence.
A. guide B. attention
C. protection D. guard
10.It is known that everyone ______ from free competition.
A. profits B. gets
C. benefits D. gains
11.Bikes produced in Guangzhou are very ______ in many countries.
A. beloved B. popular
C. favored D. enjoyed
12.By means of taxation, we ______ for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.
A. pay B. own
C. get D. buy
13. What the manager is saying does not ______ to me.
A. fit B. suit
C. apply D. adjust
14. A steel mill ______ a huge area, and is a frightening place to visit because of its great fires and heat.
A. covers B. contains
C. seizes D. includes
15. Companies ______ their products to make people buy.
A. publize B. advertise
C. announce D. call
（二）语法结构（15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
16.John regretted ______ to the meeting last week.
A. not going B. not to go
C. not go D. not to be going
17.We desire that the tour leader ______ us immediately of any changes in plans.
A. informs B. inform
C. informed D. has informed
18.No sooner ______ the machine than it went smoothly.
A. had the worker oiled B. the worker had oiled
C. would the worker oil D. the worker oiled
19. He ______ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A. was almost hurt B. almost was hurt himself
C. was almost to hurt himself D. was almost hurting himself
20.All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A. what is needed B. the thing needed
C. for our needs D. that is needed
21.Not only ______ from the crisis, but it develops to everyone’s satisfaction.
A. the economy recovers B. does the economy recover
C. the economy was recovering D. recovers the economy
22.Something ______ very good.
A. smells B. is smelling
C. was smelling D. has smelled
23.Only twenty percent of the work ______ done yesterday.
A. has B. was
C. have D. were
24.They can build the road with ______ money and ______ people if they take the engineer’s advice.
A. fewer/less B. a little/few
C. little/a few D. less/fewer
25.They prefer silk products ______ cotton ones.
A. than B. to
C. for D. rather than
26.Bob speaks to me ______ he were my brother.
A. even if B. although
C. if D. as if
27.______ fine days we could see from the windows the West Hills in the distance.
A. In B.Under
C. With D. On
28.The company would not consider ______ the pay for its employees.
A. rising B. to rise
C. raising D. to raise
29.In business, success not only depends on what one says but also on how ______.
A. one says it B. to be saying
C. is it said D. does one say so
30. ______ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.
A. There is B. Being
C. There being D. As there being
二、改错 （本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
下面句子中有 A,B,C,D四个划底线部分，其中有一个是错误的，选出错误部分的字母，无需改正错误。
........
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
By late middle ages many workers are looking 41 to retirement, and millions of those 42 have retired are only too glad to exchange the routines of work 43 the satisfaction that a more leisured life may 44. Many other workers are reluctant to give up their 45. The desire to continue working often stems from harsh economic reality, for 46 usually brings a sharp drop in income. 47 workers fear the loss of social identity that can result from 48 a job. They may be left with “nothing to do”, and may find that they are 49 a life with significant meaning and fulfillment. Those old people who 50 like to continue working are often victims of 51 is perhaps the most striking example of age discrimination (歧视): the practice of mandatory (强制的) retirement, under which people are forced to give up their jobs immediately when they 52 a certain age. Until recently the precise age for mandatory retirement 53 from job to job. The usual mandatory retirement age in the U.S.A., however, was sixtyfive. The objection to mandatory retirement is that there is no 54 to suggest that most people over the age of sixtyfive or seventy are incapable of working; at the turn of the century, in fact, 70 percent of men over sixtyfive were still 55 in the labor force.
41. A. forward B. back C. at D. backward
42. A. that B. who C. which D. whom
43. A. in B. for C. to D. with
44. A. take B. gain C. bring D. send
45. A. jobs B. works C. position D. tasks
46. A. unemployment B. retirement C. loneliness D. retreat
47. A. any B. some C. no D. somebody
48. A. not to have B. not have C. having not D. not having
49. A. assured of B. reminded of C. robbed of D. convinced of
50. A. could B. should C. would D. might
51. A. what B. that C. which D. when
52. A. arrive B. get C. reach D. come
53. A. varied B. ranged C. shifted D. turned
54. A. event B. incident C. evidence D. indication
55. A. active B. ignored C. inactive D. useless
四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
本部分有两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题,每个问题有四个选项,选择最佳答案完成句子。错选、多选或未选均无分。
Passage 1
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and justifies the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand.
One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society, the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
56. A small population may mean ______.
A.higher productivity, but a lower average income
B.lower productivity, but a higher average income
C.lower productivity and a lower average income
D.higher productivity and a higher average income
57. A large population will provide a chance for developing ______.
A. scope B. transport system
C. species D. national economy
58.In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if ______.
A.the birthrate goes up
B.the birthrate goes down
C.the birthrate remains stable
D.there is a great demand for manufactured goods
59. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for ______.
A.a developing nation
B.a developed nation
C.every nation with a big population
D.every nation with a small population
60. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because ______.
A. there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world
B. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development
C. different governments have different views of the question
D. even the developed countries may have more complex problems
A major new development in systems of work in Britain is taking place. Flexible working hours, or “Flextime”, are catching on fast, and this trend is continuing. In 1973, over 500 organizations adopted the idea, and by 1974, this number had risen to over 200, 000.
Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 1960’s, but reached Britain only in 1972. The system allows workers to start and finish work whenever they want, with only two requirements. These are, firstly, that all workers must be present for certain “key” times in day, and secondly, that all workers must work an agreed total number of hours per week.
The system has proved an almost total success wherever it has been tried. A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages: a better balance between working and private life, avoidance of the need to travel during rush hours and the ability to be able to finish a certain task before leaving.
From the employer’s point of view, the system tends to increase productivity, reduce labor turnover and give the workers a greater sense of duty.
61. Flexible working hours were firstly invented by the ______.
A. British B. Americans
C. Germans D. Japanese
62.According to “Flextime” system, workers must ______.
A.work an agreed total number of hours per week
B.work all the weekdays
C.go to work at weekends
D.go to work in the early morning
63.“Key” time is a period when ______.
A. visitors come to the plants
B. all workers must be at work
C. employers go round in the workshops
D. rush hours are over
64. No matter where it is used, “Flextime” system has proved ______.
A. entirely effective
B. a complete failure
C. to be disliked by the employers
D. too difficult to carry out
65. One of the main advantages of “Flextime” for workers is that they ______.
A. can get more free time
B. can avoid busy traffic
C. can get higher pay
D. can avoid working hard
五、单词或短语的英汉互译（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
(一) 将下列词语译成中文 （5分）
66. economic policies
67. mass-production methods
68. the Bureau of International Commerce
69. specialization
70. shopping center
（二）将下列词语译成英文 （5分）
71. 所得税
72. 保险费
73. 标准化集装箱
74. 需求曲线
75. 购买力
六、英汉句子互译 (本大题共4小题，每小题34分，共15分）
（一）将下列句子译成中文
76. In some countries, the tax on the richest people goes as high as 90 or 95 percent.(4分)
77. Their export commodities are becoming less competitive in price.(4分)
（二）将下列句子译成英文
78. 人生成功与否主要取决于我们如何与人交往。(4分)
79. 在炼铁时，需用大量的煤作为燃料。(3分)
一、词汇应用和语法结构
（一）词汇应用
1、A 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、D 6、B 7、A 8、D 9、D 10、C 11、B
12、A 13、C 14、A 15、B
（二）语法结构
16、A 17、B 18、A 19、A 20、D 21`、B 22、A 23、B 24、D 25、B
26、D 27、D 28、C 29、A 30、C
二、改错
31、B 32、A 33、C 34、C 35、C 36、B 37、C 38、D 39、B 40、C
三、完形填空
41、A 42、B 43、D 44、C 45、A 46、B 47、B 48、D 49、C 50、C
51、A 52、C 53、A 54、C 55、A
四、阅读理解
56、D 57、B 58、B 59、B 60、C 61、C 62、A 63、B 64、A 65、B
五、单词或短语的英汉互译
（一）将下列词语译成中文
66、经济政策
67、批量生产法
68、（美）国际商务局
69、专业化
70、购物中心
（二）将下列词语译成英文
71. Income tax
72. Premium
73. Standardized containers
74. Demand curve
75. Purchasing power
六、英汉句子互译
（一）将下列句子译成中文
76、在一些国家，最富人群的税率高达90%-95%。
77、他们的出口产品在价格上日益失去竞争力。
（二）将下列句子译成英文
78. Success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
79. A tremendous amount of coal is used for fuel in refining iron.
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