全国2012年10月高等教育自学考试

基础英语试题
课程代码：00088
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
 
一、词汇应用和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）
（一）词汇应用（15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. He is most ______ to succeed.
A. possibly                                                  B. likely
C. probably                                                 D. surely
2. If a foreign merchant must pay a tax on his goods，he must ______ more for them.
A. pay                                                        B. charge
C. ask                                                         D. demand
3. The free-port idea ______ in ancient times in the Middle East.
A. originated                                               B. produced
C. came                                                      D. invented
4. Many people ______ on while the two men fought.
A. let                                                          B. looked
C. passed                                                     D. sat
5. Supplies of this commodity greatly  ______ demand.
A. cheat                                                      B. lack
C. exceed                                                    D. lag
6. They  ______ us to get a return ticket.
A. advised                                                   B. wished
C. offered                                                   D. suggested
7. The world has  ______ great changes in the last two decades.
A. inexperienced                                          B. formed
C. informed                                                 D. experienced
8. Insurers do not have to  ______ the damages if a policyholder deliberately sets fire to an office building.
A. cover                                                      B. include
C. involve                                                   D. contain
9. In 1992  ______，the factory saved 200，000 RMB for our country.
A. alone                                                      B. lonely
C. still                                                        D. whole
10. Scientific discoveries are often applied  ______ industrial production methods.
A. to                                                           B. above
C. at                                                           D. from
11. Science and technology is the first productive force，and scientific research is the  ______ of modern industrial research.
A. backdoor                                                B. back
C. door                                                       D. backbone
12. Although we had expected them to take a taxi，our relatives arrived by a  ______ car.
A. own                                                       B. peculiar
C. private                                                    D. special
13. The young teacher is becoming more and more popular among the students because of his  ______ of humor.
A. skill                                                       B. feelings
C. principle                                                 D. sense
14. I  ______  some money from the bank to buy a new coat.
A. deposit                                                   B. lend
C. withdraw                                                D. take
15. A small cut in the prices will create a(n)  ______ for buying.
A. hope                                                       B. desire
C. expectation                                              D. plan

（二）语法结构（15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
16. We consider it necessary that a plan  ______ in advance.
A. be made                                                  B. to be made
C. should make                                            D. will be made
17. Some people prefer classical music，but  ______ prefer rock music.
A. others                                                     B. other
C. another                                                   D. the others
18. He graduated from the university in 1995，  ______.
A. so I did                                                   B. I did so
C. did so I                                                   D. so did I
19.  ______ his wealth，our boss is not very happy.
A. But                                                        B. Besides
C. In spite of                                               D. Despite of
20. She continued her experiment  ______ nothing had happened.
A. as so                                                       B. as if
C. only if                                                    D. if as
21. The days  ______ you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past.
A. which                                                     B. in which
C. when                                                      D. at which
22. On reaching home I discovered that I  ______ my keys at the office.
A. left                                                         B. have left
C. was left                                                   D. had left
23. The students  ______ hand in their homework by Saturday.
A. require to                                                B. require to themselves to
C. required to                                              D. are required to
24. All substances，  ______ solids，liquids or gases，are composed entirely of atoms.
A. whether                                                  B. nevertheless
C. despite                                                    D. whatever
25. Frightened，the policeman didn’t report   ______ .
A. what he has seen                                      B. what had he seen
C. what did he see                                        D. what he had seen
26. We  ______  our country into a modern one in the near future.
A. turn                                                        B. turns
C. will turn                                                 D. have turned
27. There hasn’t been any rain  ______ .
A. two months ago                                       B. since two months
C. in the past two months                              D. two months before
28. It was announced that the goals of  ______ had been achieved.
A. the five-years plan                                   B. five-years plan
C. the five-year plan                                     D. five-year plan
29. The committee  ______ made up of twenty members. 
A. are                                                         B. is
C. be                                                          D. were
30. A lot of people believe that ______ fifty percent of the doctors in the countryside are not qualified.
A. as much as                                              B. as long as
C. as big as                                                  D. as many as

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
 All life is sound. We are constantly surrounded by sounds and noises made by nature and everything in   41  . For thousands of years man   42   speaking and singing，and thanks to his wonderfully constructed ears，perceiving sounds and noises，  43   they are but a small part of the inconceivable(难以想象的)wealth of sounds filling the universe.  Children everywhere and almost without  44   are born with musical abilities，with voices，and with hearing. The difference lies merely   45   what they do with these gifts. That   46   according to temperament，upbringing，nationality，and time.
Nature itself is full of   47  ，full of music. Musical sounds existed millions of years   48  there was a human ear to hear   49  ：the soft bubbling of the water，the roll(隆隆声)of   50  ，the whispering and rustling of leaves in the wind and   51   knows how many other audible(听得见的)manifestations of nature. Man was  52  into a world of sound.  Thunder filled him with fear and became a   53   of supernatural powers. In the roar of the wind he heard the voice of demons. Dwellers at the seashore judged the temper of the gods by the sound of the waves. Religious rites(仪式)and music  54   inseparable   55   the dawn of humanity.
41. A. this                         B. it                          C. there                    D. here
42. A. has been                  B. had been                C. have                    D. has
43. A. yet                          B. even                      C. so                        D. although
44. A. experience               B. knowledge             C. exception             D. foundation
45. A. beyond                    B. at                          C. on                       D. in
46. A. varies                      B. differs                   C. contradicts           D. contrasts
47. A. noise                       B. sounds                   C. music                  D. gifts
48. A. when                      B. before                   C. ago                      D. while
49. A. sound                      B. music                    C. them                    D. it
50. A. valley                     B. lightning                C. light                    D. thunder
51. A. who                        B. whoever                 C. somebody             D. anybody
52. A. sent                        B. brought                 C. got                      D. born
53. A. sigh                        B. symbol                  C. sight                    D. sign
54. A. is                            B. was                       C. were                    D. are
55. A. in                           B. on                         C. by                       D. at

四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
 本部分有两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题，每个问题有四个供选择的答案。请选择一个最佳答案。错选、多选或未选均无分。
Passage 1
Within a school curriculum，the study of home economics is sometimes described as life education. Because much of an individual’s life has traditionally centered upon the home and the  family，home economics has been largely concerned with learning how to deal with the problems  and challenges of homemaking. A basic knowledge of home economics helps a person make up a  workable household budget，plan and prepare nutritious meals，choose a fabric(织物)for draperies(帐帘)，and care for a small child.
 In recent years the scope of home economics has broadened considerably. It now includes  areas of national and international interest. Today’s home economist may，for example，be engaged in developing foods for space flights，providing answers to the nutritional problems of  underdeveloped nations，or setting up national classifications for textiles.
 The study of home economics includes a wide variety of subjects，including foods and nutrition；clothing and textiles；housing，home equipment，and home management；family economics；  child development；and family relations. Home economists are often required to have academic  preparation in such related areas as chemistry，physics，sociology，psychology，and design.
56. The study of home economics is at times considered as life education for the reason that ______.
A. all people spend most of their time at home
B. home economics basically teaches people how to deal with family problems
C. much of an individual’s life is related to the home and the family
D. an individual has to spend most of his life studying home economics
57. According to the selection，a general understanding of home economics contributes to all the following except ______.
A. the preparation of nutritious meals
B. the planning of a household budget
C. the business of child-care
D. the study of physics
58. Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a job likely to be taken by a modern home economist?
A. Developing food for restaurants.
B. Helping underdeveloped countries solve nutritional problems.
C. Making up a workable budget for less developed countries.
D. Providing soft drinks for space flights.
59. The subject of home economics includes ______.
A. child development and chemistry                  B. designing and family economics
C. clothing and textiles                                    D. sociology and physics
60. What can we learn about home economics from the 2^nd paragraph?
A. The areas of study for home economics have expanded.
B. The scope of home economics has somewhat enlarged in the past few decades.
C. Home economics includes traditional subjects of national and international interest.
D. Home economics continues to revolve around the problems and challenges of homemaking.
 
Passage 2
    Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem，on a small scale，faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know，and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance，they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public，inviting people to lend them money，or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do this by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange.  When the saver needs his money back，he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead，he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. All these require more money than is raised through taxes alone.  The Governmont，local authorities，and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending，and they，too，come to the Stock Exchange.
 There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
61. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.
A. rely on their own financial resources.
B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know
D. depend on the population as a whole for finance
62. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ______.
A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
B. raised by the selling of shares in the companies
C. exchanged for part ownership in The Stock Exchange
D. invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange
63. When the savers want their money back they ______.
A. ask another company to obtain their money for them
B. look for other people to borrow money from
C. put their shares in the company back on the market
D. transfer their money to a more successful company
64. All the essential services on which we depend are ______.
A. run by different companies
B. in constant need of financial support
C. unable to provide for the needs of the population
D. financed wholly by rates and taxes
65. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government，local authorities and nationalized industries ______.
A. to borrow as much money as they wish
B. to make certain everybody saves money
C. to raise money to finance new developments
D. to make certain everybody lends money to them

非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
 
五、单词或短语的英汉互译（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
(一) 将下列词语译成中文 （5分）
66. inflation
67. universal product code
68. checkout counter
69. capital equipment
70. demand curve
（二）将下列词语译成英文 （5分）
71. 城市商业区
72. 消费者需求
73. 赤字
74. 医疗设备
75. 广告媒介

六、英汉句子互译 (本大题共4小题，共15分）
（一）将下列句子译成中文（8分）
76. Consumers are also exposed to far less direct mail than to other advertising media. (4分)
77. In this way，better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups. (4分)
（二）将下列句子译成英文 （7分）
78. 炼铁就是将纯铁与杂质分开的工艺过程。(4分)
79. 他认为人生成功与否主要取决于我们与别人的交往。(3分)