全国2016年4月高等教育自学考试

 综合英语(二)试题

 课程代码：00795

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I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
 Complete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)
1. The English verb system has a ______ complicated tense system than some other languages.
A. very                                                       B. more
C. rather                                                      D. most
2. At their next wedding anniversary, Tom and Sally ______ for twenty-five years.
A. will get married                                       B. will have married
C. will be getting married                             D. will have been married
3. The student band gave an excellent performance at the celebration, but there were only two teachers present. I wish more teachers ______ the play.
A. have seen                                                B. were about to see
C. would see                                                D. could have seen
4. Under ______ circumstances will latecomers be admitted to the conference.
 A. no                                                          B. any
 C. all                                                          D. some
5. I know this is the fight train. The ticket agent said it would be on ______.
 A. Track Two                                               B. the Two Track
 C. Second Track                                           D. the Track Second
6. John is an excellent boss ______ he is looked up to by all of his employees.
 A. but                                                         B. and
 C. while                                                      D. or
7. We don’t really know who broke ______ Tommy’s house last night.
 A. out                                                         B. down
 C. into                                                        D. through
8. The course normally attracts 50 students per year, ______ up to half are from overseas.
 A. of them                                                   B. of whom
 C. of those                                                   D. of which
9. John strongly disagreed with the arbitrary ______ made by the board of directors, so he resigned from the board.
 A. permission                                              B. conclusion
 C. discussion                                                D. decision
10. As soon as the conference was over, all the participants went back to their ______ workplaces.
 A. relative                                                   B. selective
 C. perspective                                              D. respective
11. You can’t leave your daughter home ______ because she is only six years old.
 A. alone                                                      B. single
 C. lonely                                                     D. separate
12. It is my own ______ if I am cheated by the same man twice.
 A. guilt                                                       B. error
 C. fault                                                       D. defect
13. The outdoor celebration has been ______ till next week due to the awful weather.
 A. put off                                                    B. pulled off
 C. shut off                                                   D. turned off
14. Neither Cathy nor Susan replied. Linda was angry and ______ at them both for not answering her question.
 A. glanced                                                   B. gazed
 C. glimpsed                                                 D. glared
15. In a job interview, it is ______ necessary for an applicant to prepare for some questions relevant to his or her career plan.
 A. openly                                                    B. noticeably
 C. visibly                                                    D. obviously

 II. CLOZE
Fill in each of the 15 blanks in the passage with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all)
Babies love a beat, according to a new study that found dancing comes naturally to infants. The research showed babies respond to the rhythm of   16  , and find it more interesting than speech. The findings, based   17  a study of 120 infants between five months and two years old, suggest that humans may be born with a   18  to move rhythmically in response to music. Researchers find that it is the beat   19  other features of the music, such as the melody,   20   produces the response in infants. They   21   found that the better the children’s movements were able to coincide with the music, the more they smiled.
To test babies’ reaction to music, the researchers   22   recordings of classical music, rhythmic beats and speech to infants, and videotaped the   23   In addition, they recruited professional ballet dancers to analyze how well the babies   24  their movements to the music. During the experiments, each baby was sitting on a parent’s lap. The adults had   25   on to make sure they couldn’t hear the music, and they were   26   not to move. The researchers found the babies moved their arms, hands, legs, feet and heads in response to the music,   27   than to speech.
 It   28  to be understood why humans have developed this   29   reaction. One possibility is that it was a target of natural selection for music or that it has evolved for   30  function that just happens to be relevant to music processing. Though the ability appears to be innate in humans, the researchers aren’t sure why it evolved.
16. A. voice               B. movement           C. music                  D. dance
17. A. in                    B. on                      C. at                       D. to
18. A. custom             B. character             C. tendency             D. behaviour
19. A. rather than       B. other than            C. more than            D. less than
20. A. what                B. which                 C. it                        D. that
21. A. still                 B. also                    C. just                     D. only
22. A. composed         B. performed           C. played                 D. set
23. A. consequences    B. results                 C. information         D. data
24. A. suited              B. directed               C. balanced              D. matched
25. A. headphones      B. masks                 C. microphones        D. glasses
26. A. controlled        B. instructed            C. limited                D. confined
27. A. much more       B. much fewer         C. no more              D. no less
28. A. keeps               B. leaves                 C. stays                   D. remains
29. A. certain             B. particular            C. unusual               D. characteristic
30. A. some other       B. the other             C. one another         D. each other

III. PARAPHRASING
Choose the closest paraphrased version after each of the following sentences or the italicized part. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all)
31. We want every minute to count.
A. The minute is the basic unit of our lifetime.
B. Every minute should be precisely measured.
C. We want to make use of every minute effectively.
D. Everyone should be aware of the limit of his lifetime.
32. Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar  signs and symbols of social intercourse.
 A. that may lead people to misunderstand the unfamiliar behaviour.
 B. that may make people feel lost in a completely new environment.
 C. people have when they are not used to the new ways of communication.
 D. people have when they do not know the rules and laws in a new place.
33. This washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors.
 A. Unlike her peasant ancestors, this small thin washwoman was born strong.
B. This washwoman, like her peasant ancestors, was small and thin but strong.
 C. With the strength from her peasant ancestors, the washwoman was still small and thin.
D. The washwoman was small and thin, but she inherited the strength of her peasant ancestors.
34. Kaz Tanaka had wakened in a frightening new world—a world whose dominant sound was a silence broken only by the cries of the dying.
 A. …a silent world where one could do nothing but make dying cries.
 B. …a soundless world in which no one dared to break the dead silence.
 C. …a silent world where one could only hear the moans from the dying.
 D. …a soundless world in which the threat of death controlled everything
35. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round the comer.
 A. I wonder if we have realized the smallness of this island compared to the sea.
B. I think we may not be fully aware it is easy to get to the sea on this small island.
 C. I believe we have ignored the size of the small island and its location in the sea.
D. I guess we are insensitive to the fact that this small island is at the comer of the sea.
36. Between French friends, ...lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life.
 A. To the French, the important part of a friendship is to argue heatedly.
 B. French friends often disagree with each other and argue out of breath.
 C. To the French, arguing heatedly is a very important activity in daily life.
 D. French people won’t become lifelong friends until they argue vigorously.
37. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.
 A. …mistakes are great concerns of teachers.
 B. …mistakes are the most valuable teachers.
 C. …learning from one’s mistakes is important in education.
 D. …avoiding making mistakes is not the purpose of education.
38. If disappointed, though, she wasted no energy on self-pity.
 A. …she made no effort to hide her pity.
 B. …she let her sorrow disappear naturally.
 C. …she didn’t like other people to feel sorry for her.
 D. …she didn’t spend time feeling sorry for herself.
39. It left me open-minded about prayer.
 A. Prayer was no longer secret to me.
B. It made me prejudiced against prayers.
 C. Prayer helped me become more understanding.
 D. It caused me to believe prayers might be answered.
40. “If you think I’m going to raise a good-for-nothing, you ‘ve got another think coming.”
 A. …you need to think it over carefully.
 B. …you need someone else to help you.
 C. …you’d better stop thinking that way.
 D. …you have the right to think differently.

IV. READING COMPREHENSION
 Read the two passages and choose the most likely answer to each of the questions. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (2 points each, 20 points in all)

Passage 1
By good fortune, I was able to raft (漂流) down the Motu River in New Zealand twice last year. The magnificent four-day journey traverses (穿过) one of the last wilderness areas in the North Island.
The first expedition was led by “Buzz”, an American guide with a great deal of rafting experience and many stories to tell of mighty rivers such as the Colorado. With a leader like Buzz, there was no reason to fear any of the great rapids on the Motu.
The first half day, in the gentle upper reaches, was spent developing teamwork and coordination. Strokes had to be mastered, and the discipline of following commands without question was strict. In the boiling fury of a rapid, there would be no room for any mistake. When Buzz bellowed (吼叫) above the roar of the water, an instant reaction was essential.
We mastered the Motu. In every rapid we fought against the river and we overcame it. The screamed commands of Buzz were matched only by the fury of our paddles, as we took the raft exactly where Buzz wanted it to go.
At the end of the journey, there was a great feeling of triumph. We proved that we were so superior and powerful that we had overcome the mystery and majesty of the Motu.
The second time I went down the Motu, the experience I had gained should have been invaluable, but the guide on this journey was a Kiwi with a very soft voice. It seemed that it would not even be possible to hear his voice above the noise of the rapids.
As we approached the first rapid, he never even raised his voice. He did not attempt to take command of us or the river. Gently and quietly he felt the mood of the river and watched every little whirlpool. There was no drama and no shouting. There was no contest to be won.
 We sped through each rapid with grace and beauty and, after a day, the river had become our friend, not our enemy. The quiet Kiwi was not our leader, but only the person whose sensitivity was more developed than our own. Laughter replaced the tension of achievement.
 Soon the quiet Kiwi was able to lean back and let all of us take turns as leader. A quiet nod was enough to draw attention to the things our lack of experience prevented us from seeing. If we made a mistake, then we laughed and it was the next person’s turn.
 We began to penetrate the mystery of the Motu, and like the quiet Kiwi, we listened to the river and we looked carefully for all those things we had not even noticed the first time.
At the end of the journey, we had overcome nothing except ourselves. We did not want to leave behind our friend, the river. There was no contest, and so nothing had been won. Rather we had become one with the river.
 It is difficult to believe that the external circumstances of the two journeys were similar. The difference was in an attitude and a flame of mind. At the end of the first journey, it seemed that there could be no other way. Given the opportunity to choose a leader, everyone would have chosen someone like Buzz. At the end of the second journey, we had glimpsed a very different vision and we felt humble—and intensely happy.
41. In the first journey, the author ______.
 A. felt puzzled at the mystery of the Motu
B. felt safe about the journey with the guide, Buzz
 C. was quite reluctant to be under Buzz’s leadership
 D. was quite depressed by Buzz’s dominant personality
42. It can be inferred from the first journey that ______.
 A. powerful people can overcome all difficulties
B. human beings are superior to everything in nature
 C. the Motu had been taken as an enemy to fight against
 D. the Motu had never been conquered by human beings
43. Which of the following can best replace the word “penetrate” in Paragraph 10?
 A. admire                                                    B. understand
 C. realize                                                     D. appreciate
44. At the end of the second journey, the author ______.
 A. felt a little bit disappointed
B. decided to come again in the future
 C. could hardly tear himself away from the river
 D. had established a close relationship with the guide
45. The author tales to impress his readers with the emphasis on ______.
 A. the unique features of the Motu
 B. the risk-taking spirit of travellers
 C. the importance of a qualified guide
 D. the harmonious relationship with nature

Passage 2
 Any dog owner will tell you that dogs are compassionate and can sense human emotions. But a new study suggests that dogs’ emotions are closer to ours than once thought. According to the study, along with the most basic emotions—anger, fear—dogs also feel a simple form of envy. The study is the first to demonstrate that animals other than humans experience envy, which has
long been considered an emotion that requires self-consciousness. Maybe that behavior is not uniquely human.
 To reveal this behaviour, scientists at the University of Vienna put together pairs of domestic dogs, each accompanied by an experimenter. Both dogs in each pair were given commands to place their paws in the experimenter’s hands, and when they obeyed, they were given a reward—a piece of bread or sausage. But when one dog wasn’t given a reward for obeying, and the other dog in the room was, the unrewarded dog would refuse to respond to the repeated commands. The scientists measured the dogs’ responses by how many times they had to prompt the unrewarded dog before it obeyed.
 The dogs’ reaction to the unfair distribution of rewards is called “inequity aversion”—-when an animal acts to stop perceived inequalities within its social group—and it is a defining characteristic of social, or cooperative, species. “They wanted the same reward for the same work,” says Paul Morris, a scientist in psychology. Morris is quick to explain that the study’s results aren’t anthropomorphic: “I’m not saying that dog jealousy is precisely like human jealousy.” Instead, he says, the dogs likely experienced a primitive form of envy.
 Emotions are a result of evolution: they cause organisms to act in ways that enable their survival. Jealousy, for instance, improves an animal’s chance of survival by promoting it to protect its mates and secure alliances for safety. Historically, science has separated emotions into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary emotions such as fear and anger are considered universal, while it is thought that secondary emotions such as envy, jealousy and guilt require more complex cognitive processes. That is, envy is not a very simple emotion.
 Most dog lovers don’t need a study to tell them that their pets are capable of feeling more complex emotions. They are probably thinking, “Of course,” because they’ve already found that their dogs clearly have a sense of fair play and justice. Their dogs also demonstrate guilt when they found empty food wrappers on the kitchen counter and asked who did it. Immediately the dogs’ tails went between their legs, and they had this really sheepish expression on their faces. They knew they weren’t supposed to do that. They also behave jealously when their owners
pay attention to other dogs.
 But while the study may be stating the obvious to dog owners, researchers say this particular breakthrough helps the research on animal cognition. “The argument has always been that the reason why chimps can do really sophisticated stuff is because they’re almost like people,” Morris says. But “when you have other organisms doing these sophisticated things, it challenges our models.”
 The study also lends weight to the concerns of animal rights and welfare activists. “The more we understand about what animals actually experience, or what they feel, the better we can judge what we do to them,” Morals says. So it’s good news for animal lovers that Man’s Best Friend is the jealous type.
46. It has long been believed that animals like dogs ______.
 A. do not have the sense of guilt
 B. have a simple form of jealousy
 C. do not have self-consciousness
 D. have the feeling of compassion
47. The purpose of the experiment at the University of Vienna was to ______.
 A. show dogs’ response to rewards
B. test dogs’ sense of cooperation
 C. demonstrate dogs’ emotion of envy
 D. measure dogs’ refusal of commands
48. The word “anthropomorphic” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
 A. like human                                              B. like animal
 C. intricate                                                  D. indefinite
49. According to the general understanding, secondary emotions ______.
 A. lead to less difficult evolution process
 B. result from more sophisticated social behaviour
 C. are more necessary for survival than primary emotions
 D. are less common among animals other than human beings
50. “Man’s Best Friend is the jealous type” is good news because ______.
 A. it makes human beings feel less guilty
 B. it indicates that animals also have fights
 C. it helps improve people’s treatment of animals
 D. it proves that dogs are superior to other animals

V. WORD DERIVATION
 Complete each of the following sentences with a (compound) word derived from the one(s) given in brackets. Write your word on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 10 points in all)
51. My brother’s plans are very ______; he wants to master English, French and Spanish before he is twenty. (ambition)
52. Newspapers are more than a source of ______ for their readers. For many people, newspapers provide a wealth of information. (amuse)
53. Their new house is beautiful, but more trees will make the yard more ______. (attract)
54. He seems to be ______ enough to climb to the mountaintop in an hour. (energy)
55. To ______ the students’ life on campus, the university has set up many recreational facilities. (rich)
56. Almost with no ______, all fresh vegetables contain some vitamin C. (except)
57. Caroline was overjoyed when she learned that she had won a ______ from Cambridge. (scholar)
58. The DNA of chimpanzees shows a remarkable ______ to that of humans. (similar)
59. You can find the departure and arrival time of every specific train from the ______ on the wall of the railway station. (table, time)
60. More often than not, ______ attendance at school may lead to failure in the exam. (regular)

VI. SENTENCE TRANSLATION
 Translate the following sentences into English and write your sentences on the answer sheet. (3 points each, 15 points in all)
61．当老师问汤姆时，他不承认考试作弊了，但他的紧张露出了破绽。
62．译员说只要能上网，没有字典，他也可以应付。
63．经过集中训练，她很有希望在即将在北京举行的全国歌唱比赛中获奖。
64．就面积和人口而言，它都是个小镇。
65．年轻人往往力求摆脱在经济上对父母的依赖。

VII. WRITING
 Write a composition on the answer sheet in about 150 words, basing yourself on one of the texts you have learned. (15 points)
 Topic: What did the author, one of the teachers of Cliff Evans, find in the boy’s death? Use the following points as an outline:
 1) the bad effect of the family background on the boy’s character
 2) the awkward position the boy had in school
 3) the real cause of the boy’s death